Diabetes is an independent risk-factor for cardiovascular disease and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an emerging worldwide health problem, with the number of global cases of type 2 diabetes projected to double to 350 million by the year 2030. This review examines emerging reports on the effect of chromium, as well as molecular and cellular mechanisms by which chromium may provide beneficial effects in alleviating insulin resistance. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of chromium in alleviating insulin resistance remain elusive. One such supplement is chromium, which has been shown reduce insulin resistance in some, but not all, studies. Therefore, attractive strategies to alleviate insulin resistance include dietary supplements. However, most of the currently available drugs that improve insulin sensitivity have adverse effects. Although lifestyle modifications and exercise can reduce the incidence of diabetes, compliance has proved to be difficult, warranting pharmacological interventions. Insulin resistance, a prediabetic condition, precedes the onset of frank type 2 diabetes and offers potential avenues for early intervention to treat the disease. Type 2 diabetes is often associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular anomalies and is a major health problem approaching global epidemic proportions.
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